caliphate umayyad islamic rashidun arab extent geography ottoman
umayyad caliphate before century its history greatest 7th spanned abbasids defeated miles million square height
caliphate umayyad largest territorial exist kilometers squared 1481 mapporn
umayyad islam conquest conquests 8th centuries expansion islami islamische ausbreitung levik mittelalter invasion omeyyades christentum
umayyad umayyads islamic caliphate dynasty 750 world empire ad history caliphs islam ruled muslim territory map spain period land rise
caliphate fitna umayyad karbala dynasty islamic territorial civil territory ibn
abbasid caliphate 9th dynasty 1450 umayyad caliphs califfato